{
  "slug": "why-the-standardized-test-created-comparable-measures",
  "version": 1,
  "layout": "comparison",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "n1",
      "type": "person",
      "label": "Student A",
      "x": 58,
      "y": 74,
      "w": 155,
      "h": 155
    },
    {
      "id": "n2",
      "type": "person",
      "label": "Student B",
      "x": 326,
      "y": 82,
      "w": 155,
      "h": 155
    },
    {
      "id": "n3",
      "type": "document",
      "label": "Same Test Questions",
      "x": 340,
      "y": 261,
      "w": 78,
      "h": 78,
      "detail": "identical"
    },
    {
      "id": "n4",
      "type": "graph",
      "label": "Comparable Scores",
      "x": 340,
      "y": 312,
      "w": 78,
      "h": 78
    }
  ],
  "relationships": [
    {
      "from": "n1",
      "to": "n3",
      "label": "answers"
    },
    {
      "from": "n2",
      "to": "n3",
      "label": "answers"
    },
    {
      "from": "n3",
      "to": "n4",
      "label": "produces"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Identical questions given to all students produce scores that are directly comparable across regions.",
  "mechanism": "identical-stimulus-comparable-output",
  "fig": "FIG. / THE SAME QUESTION ASKED OF EVERYONE",
  "animation": {
    "style": "reveal",
    "duration": 600,
    "stagger": 60
  },
  "presentation": {
    "style": "vignette",
    "hero": "n3",
    "support": [
      "n1",
      "n4"
    ],
    "icon": "document",
    "label": "Same Test Questions",
    "tilt": 0
  },
  "illustration": {
    "concept": "Three identical answer-bubble sheets fanned across top; single unified score scale below with a marker for each test-taker showing comparable results",
    "paths": [
      {
        "d": "M 74,55 L 196,55 Q 200,55 200,59 L 200,251 Q 200,255 196,255 L 74,255 Q 70,255 70,251 L 70,59 Q 70,55 74,55 Z",
        "fill": "paper",
        "weight": 4,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 74,55 L 196,55 Q 200,55 200,59 L 200,251 Q 200,255 196,255 L 74,255 Q 70,255 70,251 L 70,59 Q 70,55 74,55 Z",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 79,61 L 191,61 Q 194,61 194,64 L 194,78 Q 194,81 191,81 L 79,81 Q 76,81 76,78 L 76,64 Q 76,61 79,61 Z",
        "fill": "ink",
        "weight": 0,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 86,92 C 89.8661,92 93,95.1339 93,99 C 93,102.8661 89.8661,106 86,106 C 82.1339,106 79,102.8661 79,99 C 79,95.1339 82.1339,92 86,92 Z M 112,92 C 115.8661,92 119,95.1339 119,99 C 119,102.8661 115.8661,106 112,106 C 108.1339,106 105,102.8661 105,99 C 105,95.1339 108.1339,92 112,92 Z M 138,92 C 141.8661,92 145,95.1339 145,99 C 145,102.8661 141.8661,106 138,106 C 134.1339,106 131,102.8661 131,99 C 131,95.1339 134.1339,92 138,92 Z M 164,92 C 167.8661,92 171,95.1339 171,99 C 171,102.8661 167.8661,106 164,106 C 160.1339,106 157,102.8661 157,99 C 157,95.1339 160.1339,92 164,92 Z M 86,128 C 89.8661,128 93,131.1339 93,135 C 93,138.8661 89.8661,142 86,142 C 82.1339,142 79,138.8661 79,135 C 79,131.1339 82.1339,128 86,128 Z M 112,128 C 115.8661,128 119,131.1339 119,135 C 119,138.8661 115.8661,142 112,142 C 108.1339,142 105,138.8661 105,135 C 105,131.1339 108.1339,128 112,128 Z M 138,128 C 141.8661,128 145,131.1339 145,135 C 145,138.8661 141.8661,142 138,142 C 134.1339,142 131,138.8661 131,135 C 131,131.1339 134.1339,128 138,128 Z M 164,128 C 167.8661,128 171,131.1339 171,135 C 171,138.8661 167.8661,142 164,142 C 160.1339,142 157,138.8661 157,135 C 157,131.1339 160.1339,128 164,128 Z M 86,164 C 89.8661,164 93,167.1339 93,171 C 93,174.8661 89.8661,178 86,178 C 82.1339,178 79,174.8661 79,171 C 79,167.1339 82.1339,164 86,164 Z M 112,164 C 115.8661,164 119,167.1339 119,171 C 119,174.8661 115.8661,178 112,178 C 108.1339,178 105,174.8661 105,171 C 105,167.1339 108.1339,164 112,164 Z M 138,164 C 141.8661,164 145,167.1339 145,171 C 145,174.8661 141.8661,178 138,178 C 134.1339,178 131,174.8661 131,171 C 131,167.1339 134.1339,164 138,164 Z M 164,164 C 167.8661,164 171,167.1339 171,171 C 171,174.8661 167.8661,178 164,178 C 160.1339,178 157,174.8661 157,171 C 157,167.1339 160.1339,164 164,164 Z M 86,200 C 89.8661,200 93,203.1339 93,207 C 93,210.8661 89.8661,214 86,214 C 82.1339,214 79,210.8661 79,207 C 79,203.1339 82.1339,200 86,200 Z M 112,200 C 115.8661,200 119,203.1339 119,207 C 119,210.8661 115.8661,214 112,214 C 108.1339,214 105,210.8661 105,207 C 105,203.1339 108.1339,200 112,200 Z M 138,200 C 141.8661,200 145,203.1339 145,207 C 145,210.8661 141.8661,214 138,214 C 134.1339,214 131,210.8661 131,207 C 131,203.1339 134.1339,200 138,200 Z M 164,200 C 167.8661,200 171,203.1339 171,207 C 171,210.8661 167.8661,214 164,214 C 160.1339,214 157,210.8661 157,207 C 157,203.1339 160.1339,200 164,200 Z ",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 86,94 C 88.7615,94 91,96.2385 91,99 C 91,101.7615 88.7615,104 86,104 C 83.2385,104 81,101.7615 81,99 C 81,96.2385 83.2385,94 86,94 Z M 112,130 C 114.7615,130 117,132.2385 117,135 C 117,137.7615 114.7615,140 112,140 C 109.2385,140 107,137.7615 107,135 C 107,132.2385 109.2385,130 112,130 Z M 138,166 C 140.7615,166 143,168.2385 143,171 C 143,173.7615 140.7615,176 138,176 C 135.2385,176 133,173.7615 133,171 C 133,168.2385 135.2385,166 138,166 Z M 164,202 C 166.7615,202 169,204.2385 169,207 C 169,209.7615 166.7615,212 164,212 C 161.2385,212 159,209.7615 159,207 C 159,204.2385 161.2385,202 164,202 Z ",
        "fill": "ink",
        "weight": 0,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 234,55 L 356,55 Q 360,55 360,59 L 360,251 Q 360,255 356,255 L 234,255 Q 230,255 230,251 L 230,59 Q 230,55 234,55 Z",
        "fill": "paper",
        "weight": 4,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 234,55 L 356,55 Q 360,55 360,59 L 360,251 Q 360,255 356,255 L 234,255 Q 230,255 230,251 L 230,59 Q 230,55 234,55 Z",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2.5,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 239,61 L 351,61 Q 354,61 354,64 L 354,78 Q 354,81 351,81 L 239,81 Q 236,81 236,78 L 236,64 Q 236,61 239,61 Z",
        "fill": "ink",
        "weight": 0,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 246,92 C 249.8661,92 253,95.1339 253,99 C 253,102.8661 249.8661,106 246,106 C 242.1339,106 239,102.8661 239,99 C 239,95.1339 242.1339,92 246,92 Z M 272,92 C 275.8661,92 279,95.1339 279,99 C 279,102.8661 275.8661,106 272,106 C 268.1339,106 265,102.8661 265,99 C 265,95.1339 268.1339,92 272,92 Z M 298,92 C 301.8661,92 305,95.1339 305,99 C 305,102.8661 301.8661,106 298,106 C 294.1339,106 291,102.8661 291,99 C 291,95.1339 294.1339,92 298,92 Z M 324,92 C 327.8661,92 331,95.1339 331,99 C 331,102.8661 327.8661,106 324,106 C 320.1339,106 317,102.8661 317,99 C 317,95.1339 320.1339,92 324,92 Z M 246,128 C 249.8661,128 253,131.1339 253,135 C 253,138.8661 249.8661,142 246,142 C 242.1339,142 239,138.8661 239,135 C 239,131.1339 242.1339,128 246,128 Z M 272,128 C 275.8661,128 279,131.1339 279,135 C 279,138.8661 275.8661,142 272,142 C 268.1339,142 265,138.8661 265,135 C 265,131.1339 268.1339,128 272,128 Z M 298,128 C 301.8661,128 305,131.1339 305,135 C 305,138.8661 301.8661,142 298,142 C 294.1339,142 291,138.8661 291,135 C 291,131.1339 294.1339,128 298,128 Z M 324,128 C 327.8661,128 331,131.1339 331,135 C 331,138.8661 327.8661,142 324,142 C 320.1339,142 317,138.8661 317,135 C 317,131.1339 320.1339,128 324,128 Z M 246,164 C 249.8661,164 253,167.1339 253,171 C 253,174.8661 249.8661,178 246,178 C 242.1339,178 239,174.8661 239,171 C 239,167.1339 242.1339,164 246,164 Z M 272,164 C 275.8661,164 279,167.1339 279,171 C 279,174.8661 275.8661,178 272,178 C 268.1339,178 265,174.8661 265,171 C 265,167.1339 268.1339,164 272,164 Z M 298,164 C 301.8661,164 305,167.1339 305,171 C 305,174.8661 301.8661,178 298,178 C 294.1339,178 291,174.8661 291,171 C 291,167.1339 294.1339,164 298,164 Z M 324,164 C 327.8661,164 331,167.1339 331,171 C 331,174.8661 327.8661,178 324,178 C 320.1339,178 317,174.8661 317,171 C 317,167.1339 320.1339,164 324,164 Z M 246,200 C 249.8661,200 253,203.1339 253,207 C 253,210.8661 249.8661,214 246,214 C 242.1339,214 239,210.8661 239,207 C 239,203.1339 242.1339,200 246,200 Z M 272,200 C 275.8661,200 279,203.1339 279,207 C 279,210.8661 275.8661,214 272,214 C 268.1339,214 265,210.8661 265,207 C 265,203.1339 268.1339,200 272,200 Z M 298,200 C 301.8661,200 305,203.1339 305,207 C 305,210.8661 301.8661,214 298,214 C 294.1339,214 291,210.8661 291,207 C 291,203.1339 294.1339,200 298,200 Z M 324,200 C 327.8661,200 331,203.1339 331,207 C 331,210.8661 327.8661,214 324,214 C 320.1339,214 317,210.8661 317,207 C 317,203.1339 320.1339,200 324,200 Z ",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 246,94 C 248.7615,94 251,96.2385 251,99 C 251,101.7615 248.7615,104 246,104 C 243.2385,104 241,101.7615 241,99 C 241,96.2385 243.2385,94 246,94 Z M 272,130 C 274.7615,130 277,132.2385 277,135 C 277,137.7615 274.7615,140 272,140 C 269.2385,140 267,137.7615 267,135 C 267,132.2385 269.2385,130 272,130 Z M 298,166 C 300.7615,166 303,168.2385 303,171 C 303,173.7615 300.7615,176 298,176 C 295.2385,176 293,173.7615 293,171 C 293,168.2385 295.2385,166 298,166 Z M 324,202 C 326.7615,202 329,204.2385 329,207 C 329,209.7615 326.7615,212 324,212 C 321.2385,212 319,209.7615 319,207 C 319,204.2385 321.2385,202 324,202 Z ",
        "fill": "ink",
        "weight": 0,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 394,55 L 516,55 Q 520,55 520,59 L 520,251 Q 520,255 516,255 L 394,255 Q 390,255 390,251 L 390,59 Q 390,55 394,55 Z",
        "fill": "paper",
        "weight": 4,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 394,55 L 516,55 Q 520,55 520,59 L 520,251 Q 520,255 516,255 L 394,255 Q 390,255 390,251 L 390,59 Q 390,55 394,55 Z",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 399,61 L 511,61 Q 514,61 514,64 L 514,78 Q 514,81 511,81 L 399,81 Q 396,81 396,78 L 396,64 Q 396,61 399,61 Z",
        "fill": "ink",
        "weight": 0,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 406,92 C 409.8661,92 413,95.1339 413,99 C 413,102.8661 409.8661,106 406,106 C 402.1339,106 399,102.8661 399,99 C 399,95.1339 402.1339,92 406,92 Z M 432,92 C 435.8661,92 439,95.1339 439,99 C 439,102.8661 435.8661,106 432,106 C 428.1339,106 425,102.8661 425,99 C 425,95.1339 428.1339,92 432,92 Z M 458,92 C 461.8661,92 465,95.1339 465,99 C 465,102.8661 461.8661,106 458,106 C 454.1339,106 451,102.8661 451,99 C 451,95.1339 454.1339,92 458,92 Z M 484,92 C 487.8661,92 491,95.1339 491,99 C 491,102.8661 487.8661,106 484,106 C 480.1339,106 477,102.8661 477,99 C 477,95.1339 480.1339,92 484,92 Z M 406,128 C 409.8661,128 413,131.1339 413,135 C 413,138.8661 409.8661,142 406,142 C 402.1339,142 399,138.8661 399,135 C 399,131.1339 402.1339,128 406,128 Z M 432,128 C 435.8661,128 439,131.1339 439,135 C 439,138.8661 435.8661,142 432,142 C 428.1339,142 425,138.8661 425,135 C 425,131.1339 428.1339,128 432,128 Z M 458,128 C 461.8661,128 465,131.1339 465,135 C 465,138.8661 461.8661,142 458,142 C 454.1339,142 451,138.8661 451,135 C 451,131.1339 454.1339,128 458,128 Z M 484,128 C 487.8661,128 491,131.1339 491,135 C 491,138.8661 487.8661,142 484,142 C 480.1339,142 477,138.8661 477,135 C 477,131.1339 480.1339,128 484,128 Z M 406,164 C 409.8661,164 413,167.1339 413,171 C 413,174.8661 409.8661,178 406,178 C 402.1339,178 399,174.8661 399,171 C 399,167.1339 402.1339,164 406,164 Z M 432,164 C 435.8661,164 439,167.1339 439,171 C 439,174.8661 435.8661,178 432,178 C 428.1339,178 425,174.8661 425,171 C 425,167.1339 428.1339,164 432,164 Z M 458,164 C 461.8661,164 465,167.1339 465,171 C 465,174.8661 461.8661,178 458,178 C 454.1339,178 451,174.8661 451,171 C 451,167.1339 454.1339,164 458,164 Z M 484,164 C 487.8661,164 491,167.1339 491,171 C 491,174.8661 487.8661,178 484,178 C 480.1339,178 477,174.8661 477,171 C 477,167.1339 480.1339,164 484,164 Z M 406,200 C 409.8661,200 413,203.1339 413,207 C 413,210.8661 409.8661,214 406,214 C 402.1339,214 399,210.8661 399,207 C 399,203.1339 402.1339,200 406,200 Z M 432,200 C 435.8661,200 439,203.1339 439,207 C 439,210.8661 435.8661,214 432,214 C 428.1339,214 425,210.8661 425,207 C 425,203.1339 428.1339,200 432,200 Z M 458,200 C 461.8661,200 465,203.1339 465,207 C 465,210.8661 461.8661,214 458,214 C 454.1339,214 451,210.8661 451,207 C 451,203.1339 454.1339,200 458,200 Z M 484,200 C 487.8661,200 491,203.1339 491,207 C 491,210.8661 487.8661,214 484,214 C 480.1339,214 477,210.8661 477,207 C 477,203.1339 480.1339,200 484,200 Z ",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 406,94 C 408.7615,94 411,96.2385 411,99 C 411,101.7615 408.7615,104 406,104 C 403.2385,104 401,101.7615 401,99 C 401,96.2385 403.2385,94 406,94 Z M 432,130 C 434.7615,130 437,132.2385 437,135 C 437,137.7615 434.7615,140 432,140 C 429.2385,140 427,137.7615 427,135 C 427,132.2385 429.2385,130 432,130 Z M 458,166 C 460.7615,166 463,168.2385 463,171 C 463,173.7615 460.7615,176 458,176 C 455.2385,176 453,173.7615 453,171 C 453,168.2385 455.2385,166 458,166 Z M 484,202 C 486.7615,202 489,204.2385 489,207 C 489,209.7615 486.7615,212 484,212 C 481.2385,212 479,209.7615 479,207 C 479,204.2385 481.2385,202 484,202 Z ",
        "fill": "ink",
        "weight": 0,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 80,282 L 520,282",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 3,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 80,282 L 80,298",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2.5,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 520,282 L 520,298",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2.5,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 80.0,282 L 80.0,294",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 190.0,282 L 190.0,294",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 300.0,282 L 300.0,294",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 410.0,282 L 410.0,294",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 520.0,282 L 520.0,294",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "still"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 176,274 C 180.4184,274 184,277.5816 184,282 C 184,286.4184 180.4184,290 176,290 C 171.5816,290 168,286.4184 168,282 C 168,277.5816 171.5816,274 176,274 Z",
        "fill": "ink",
        "weight": 0,
        "motion": "pulse"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 176,298 L 176,312",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "pulse"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 285,274 C 289.4184,274 293,277.5816 293,282 C 293,286.4184 289.4184,290 285,290 C 280.5816,290 277,286.4184 277,282 C 277,277.5816 280.5816,274 285,274 Z",
        "fill": "ink",
        "weight": 0,
        "motion": "pulse"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 285,298 L 285,312",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "pulse"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 400,274 C 404.4184,274 408,277.5816 408,282 C 408,286.4184 404.4184,290 400,290 C 395.5816,290 392,286.4184 392,282 C 392,277.5816 395.5816,274 400,274 Z",
        "fill": "ink",
        "weight": 0,
        "motion": "pulse"
      },
      {
        "d": "M 400,298 L 400,312",
        "fill": "none",
        "weight": 2,
        "motion": "pulse"
      }
    ]
  }
}