{
  "slug": "why-the-upc-barcode-became-a-retail-standard",
  "version": 1,
  "summary": "An industry consortium agreed one bar code symbology; universal adoption made checkout scanning possible.",
  "mechanism": "industry-consensus-single-symbology",
  "layout": "network",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "n1",
      "type": "factory",
      "label": "Manufacturer",
      "x": 271,
      "y": 194,
      "w": 158,
      "h": 158,
      "detail": "prints code"
    },
    {
      "id": "n2",
      "type": "store",
      "label": "Retailer",
      "x": 417,
      "y": 314,
      "w": 76,
      "h": 76,
      "detail": "scans code"
    },
    {
      "id": "n3",
      "type": "badge",
      "label": "UPC Standard",
      "x": 145,
      "y": 259,
      "w": 76,
      "h": 76,
      "detail": "industry agreed"
    },
    {
      "id": "n4",
      "type": "scanner",
      "label": "Checkout Scanner",
      "x": 374,
      "y": 78,
      "w": 76,
      "h": 76,
      "detail": "reads all"
    }
  ],
  "relationships": [
    {
      "from": "n1",
      "to": "n3",
      "label": "adopts"
    },
    {
      "from": "n2",
      "to": "n3",
      "label": "adopts"
    },
    {
      "from": "n3",
      "to": "n4",
      "label": "enables"
    }
  ],
  "animation": {
    "style": "assemble",
    "duration": 700,
    "stagger": 60
  },
  "fig": "FIG. / THE AGREEMENT THAT MADE EVERY SCANNER READ EVERY CODE",
  "presentation": {
    "style": "vignette",
    "hero": "n3",
    "support": [
      "n1",
      "n2"
    ],
    "icon": "barcode",
    "label": "Barcode",
    "tilt": 0
  },
  "illustration": {
    "concept": "Same UPC barcode printed on two different retailers' products; both stores' scanners successfully read the identical format; universal check mark at midpoint",
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